خـطـة كـولمـبـو (مباحثات التأسيس 1949-1951م) "دراسة وثائقية"

نوع المستند : المقالة الأصلية

المؤلف

قسم التاريخ والحضارة، كلية اللغة العربية بالمنصورة ، جامعة الأزهر ، مصر

المستخلص

تُعد منظمة "خطة كولومبو" من أهم المنظمات الإقليمية للتعاون الاقتصادي في جنوب شرق آسيا والمحيط الهادئ، وهي من المنظمات الاقتصادية التي ما زالت قائمة حتى وقتنا الحاضر على الرغم من تأسيسها في عام 1951م، وتضم في الوقت الحالي 27 دولة من دول منطقة آسيا والمحيط الهادئ، وقد سبق تأسيس هذه المنظمة مناقشات بين دول الكومنولث البريطانية، وبخاصة بريطانيا وأستراليا، في أواخر عام 1949م ومطلع عام1950م لوضع آليات لتأسيس منظمة اقتصادية للتعاون بين دول الكومنولث في جنوب شرق آسيا، ثم اتسعت هذه المناقشات لتشمل الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية، وغيرها من الدول المهتمة بالمنطقة، ومن ثم فإن هذه الدراسة تتناول الظروف التي أحاطت بإنشاء المنظمة، والمباحثات التي تمت خلال الفترة ما بين عامي 1949-1951م، وموقف القوى الدولية والإقليمية من المباحثات، وكذا الأسس التي قامت عليها الخطة، والتي تمخضت عن قيام المنظمة، وذلك بالاعتماد على مادة أصيلة مستمدة من الوثائق الأسترالية غير المنشورة، وكذا الوثائق البريطانية والأمريكية والكندية والهندية، بالإضافة إلى مجموعة من المصادر والمراجع الأجنبية التي أفادت البحث.

الكلمات الرئيسية


  • قائمة المصادر والمراجع

    أولاً:- الوثائق الأجنبية غير المنشورة:

    1- الوثائق الأسترالية:

    Documents on Australian Foreign Policy (D. A. F. P.):

    • (NAA: A1068/7, DL47/5/6), Dedman to Holloway, Memorandum Canberra, 22 April 1949.
    • (NAA: A1838, 532/7 part 1), Note by Department of External Affairs, Canberra, 8 December 1949.
    • (NAA: A1838, 532/7 part 1) Cablegram from Senanayake to Chifley, Colombo, 8 November 1949.
    • (NAA: A621,753), Memorandum from Burton to Crawford, Canberra, 9 November 1949.
    • (NAA: A1838, 532/5/1), Discussions on Asia with Representatives of the United Kingdom and New Zealand, Canberra, 11 November 1949.
    • (NAA: A 1068, DL47/5/6), Paper by Department of External Affairs, Canberra, 13 November 1949.
    • (NAA: A1838, 381/3/1/2 part 1), Summary Record of Discussions, Canberra, 14 November 1949.
    • (NAA: A1838, 532/7 part 1), Brief for Cabinet for Commonwealth Conference, Colombo, Canberra, December 1949.
    • (NAA: A1838, 532/7 part 1), Minute from Burton to Spender, Canberra, 19 December 1949.
    • (NAA: A1838, 532/7 part 1), Press Release by Department of External Affairs, Canberra, 20 December 1949.
    • (NAA: A1838, 381/3/1/1 part 1), Cablegram from Department of External Affairs to Posts, Canberra, 3 January 1950.
    • (NAA: A1838, 532/7 part 1), Cablegram from Spender to Menzies, Colombo, 10 January 1950.
    • (NAA: A1838, 381/3/1/3 part la), Memorandum by Australian Delegation to Conference of Commonwealth Foreign Ministers, Colombo, 11 January 1950.
    • (NAA: A1838, 532/7 part l), Cablegram from Spender to Menzies, Colombo, 11 January 1950.
    • (NAA: A1838, 381/3/1/3 part la), Cablegram from Department of External Affairs to Embassy in Washington, Canberra, 14 January 1950.
    • (NAA: A1838, 532/7 part I), Cablegram from High Commission in Colombo to Department of External Affairs, Colombo, 14 January 1950.
    • (NAA: A1838, 532/7 part 1), Cablegram from Spender to Menzies, Colombo, 14 January 1950.
    • (NAA: A3318, L50/3/2/28), Dispatch from Heydon to Burton, London, 23 January 1950.
    • (NAA: A1838, 87/1/3/3 part 2), Dispatch from Makin to Department of External Affairs, Washington, 23 January 1950.
    • (NAA: A10617, 1950/3), Paper by Tange, Canberra, 31 January 1950.
    • (NAA: A1838, TS708/9/2 part 1), Paper by Birch, Canberra, 10 February 1950.
    • (NAA: A1838, 381/3/1/3 part lb), Savingram from Department of External Affairs to Embassy in Washington, Canberra, 19 February 1950.
    • (NAA: A1838, 381/3/1/3 part lb), Draft Submission from Department of External Affairs to Spender, Canberra, 8 March 1950.
    • (NAA: A1838, 381/3/1/3 part lb), Memorandum from Burton to Heads of Departments, Canberra, 13 March 1950.
    • (NAA: A 1838, TS708/10/1), Memorandum from Tange to Embassy in Washington, Canberra, 14 March 1950.
    • (NAA: A 1838, 381/3/1/3 part lb), Note by Department of External Affairs, Canberra, 15 March 1950.
    • (NAA: A3320, 3/4/2/1 part 1), Cablegram from Spender to Gordon Walker, Canberra, 17 March 1950.
    • (NAA: A1838, 381/3/1/3 part lb), Cablegram from Embassy in Washington to Department of External Affairs, Washington, 18 March 1950.
    • (NAA: A3320, 3/4/2/1 part 1), Memorandum from United Kingdom Government to Australian Government, London, March 1950.
    • (NAA: A1838, 381/3/1/3 part lb), Minutes of Cabinet Committee Meeting, Canberra, 22 March 1950.
    • (NAA: A3320, 3/4/2/1 part 1), Telegram from Australian Government to United Kingdom Government, Canberra, 19 April 1950.
    • (NAA: A6366, LC1950/01T), Cablegram from Australian Government to Governments of United Kingdom, Canada, Ceylon, India, New Zealand and Pakistan, Canberra, 26 April 1950.
    • (NAA: A3320, 3/4/2/1 part 1), Telegram from Australian Government to Commonwealth Governments, Canberra, 3 May 1950.
    • (NAA: 1209, 1957/5406), Letter from Spender to Menzies, Canberra, 4 May 1950.
    • (NAA: A3320, 3/4/2/1 part 1), Cablegram from Spender to Harrison, Canberra, 4 May 1950.
    • (NAA: A1838, 708/9/2 part 2), Cablegram from Doidge to Spender, Wellington, 5 May 1950.
    • (NAA: A1838, 381/3/1/3 part 4), Draft Statement by Spender to Delegates at a Meeting of the Consultative Committee, 14 May 1950.
    • (NAA: A3320, 3/4/2/1 part 1), Cablegram from Spender to Harrison, Canberra, 16 May 1950.
    • (NAA: A3320, 3/4/2/1 part 1), Cablegram from Harrison to Spender, London, 16 May 1950.
    • (NAA: A10617, 1950/8), Report to Consultative Committee, Sydney, May 1950.
    • (NAA: A5460, 301/5), Report of the Consultative Committee, Sydney, 19 May 1950.
    • (NAA: A 1209, 1957/5406), Submission from Spender to Cabinet, Canberra, 26 July 1950.
    • (NAA: A1209, 1957/5406), Minute from Bunting to Durie, Canberra, 1 August 1950.
    • (NAA: A9879, 2202/B), Cablegram from Gordon Walker to Australian Government, London, 30 August 1950.
    • (NAA: A3320, 3/4/2/1 part 2), Letter from Sykes to Nimmo, London, 31 August 1950.
    • (NAA: A3320, 3/4/2Z1 part 2), Letter from Spender to Bevin, London, 5 September 1950.
    • (NAA: A3300, 3/4/2/1 part 2), Cablegram from High Commission in London to Department of External Affairs, London, 6 September 1950.
    • (NAA: A1838, 708/13/1 part 2), Memorandum from Nimmo to Watt, 6 September 1950.
    • (NAA: A5460, 301/5), Cablegram from Embassy in Washington to Department of External Affairs, Washington, 8 September 1950.
    • (NAA: A462, 587/5), Cablegram from Spender to Menzies, London, 26 September 1950.
    • (NAA: A5460, 301/5), Memorandum by Department of External Affairs, Canberra, 4 October 1950.
    • (NAA: A9871, 2202/El part 1), Cablegram from Mccarthy to Spender, London, 4 October 1950.
    • (NAA: 11604, 704/2/2), Ablegram from Ritchley to Department of External Affairs, Djakarta, 21 November 1950.
    • (NAA: A4940, C353), Submission from Spender to Cabinet, Canberra, December 1950.
    • (NAA: A5460, 301/5), United States Memorandum on Colombo Plan, Canberra, December 1950.
    • (NAA: 9879, 2202/El part 1), Cablegram from Gordon Walker to Australian Government, London, 16 December 1950.
    • (NAA: A3320, 3/4/2/1 part 3), Telegram from Australian Government to United Kingdom Government, Canberra, 20 December 1950.
    • (NAA: A9879, 2202/El part 2), Press Release by Department of External Affairs, Canberra, 20 December 1950.
    • (NAA: A1209, 1957/5406), Letter from Gaitskell to Menzies, London, 9 January 1951.
    • Cablegram from Government of Ceylon to Australian Government, Colombo, 16 January 1951.
    • (NAA: A 1209, 1957/5406), Letter from Menzies to Gaitskell, London, 17 January 1951.
    • (NAA: A1838, 2020/1/12 part 2), Paper by Department of External Affairs, The Colombo Plan's First Six Years: Australia's Part, Canberra, 23 August 1957.

    2- الوثائق البريطانية:

    Correspondence Respecting Commonwealth Relations: ( C.R.O. Ref.):

    • 2030/51, Political, Economic and Industrial Situation, from E. J. Willams, High Commissioner to Office of the High Commissioner, Canberra, 24 February 1950.
    • E (B) 8850/50/23, No.26, Commonwealth Consultative Committee on South-East ASIA, from E. J. Willams, High Commissioner to Office of the High Commissioner, Canberra, 5 June 1950.

    ثانياً:- الوثائق الأجنبية المنشورة:

    1- الوثائق الأسترالية المنشورة:

    • Australian foreign affairs record: Current Notes, vol. 21, 1950.

    2- الوثائق البريطانية:

    • Hansard: House of Commons, Vol. 472, Monday, 6th March, 1950, Column 69.

    3- الوثائق الأمريكية:

    • US Department of State dispatch: Department of State Bulletin, Vol. XXIV,1951.

    4- الوثائق الكندية:

    Documents on Canadian External Relations:

    • 17, 1951, DEA/ 11038-40, No. 544, Memorandum from Under – Secretary of State for Extemal Affairs to Secretary of State for Extemal Affairs, Ottawa, 22 January,1951.
    • 17, 1951, PCO, No. 548, Extract from Cabinet Conclusions, Ottawa, 6 February,1951.
    • 17, 1951, PCO, No. 548, Extract from Cabinet Conclusions, Ottawa, 6 February,1951.
    • 17, 1951, DEA/ 11038-40, No. 558, Secretary of State for Extemal Affairs to Delegation to Consultative Committee Meeting, Ottawa, 16 February,1951.
    • 17, 1951, DEA/ 11038-40, No. 559, Delegation to Consultative Committee Meeting to Secretary of State for Extemal Affairs, Colombo, 20 February,1951.
    • 18, 1952, PCO, No. 608, Memorandum from Secretary of State for Extemal Affairs to Cabinet, Ottawa, 5 February,1952.

    5- الوثائق الهندية:

    • India Ministry of External Affairs: Annual Reports, Report of The Ministry of External Affairs 1950-1951, Part III.

    ثالثاً:- المراجع الأجنبية:

    • Adeleke, Ademola: Ties Without Strings? The Colombo Plan and The Geopolitics of International Aid, 1950-1980, PHD degree, University of Toronto, 1996.
    • Akami, Tomoko: Internationalizing the Pacific the United States, Japan and the Institute of Pacific Relations in war and peace, 1919–45, Routledge, London, 2002.
    • Kelly, Andrew Mathew: Reassessing the ANZUS Alliance: Strategy and Diplomacy between Australia, New Zealand and the United States 1945-1956, D., Western Sydney University, 2016.
    • Oakman, Daniel: Facing Asia “A History of the Colombo Plan”, The Australian National University, 2010.
    • Peterson, Thomas: Canada and The Colombo Plan, 1950-1960 “A Study in Government Policy and Public Opinion, M.A. Degree, The Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Manitoba, 1962.

    رابعاً:- الصحف:

    • The Washington Post: 19 January 1950.

    خامساً:- المواقع الإلكترونية الرسمية:

    • الموقع الإلكتروني للكومنولث: https://thecommonwealth.org/